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Classification of preparation methods and industry prospects of aerogel industry
2025-07-21
Aerogels come in many types, including silica, carbon, sulfur, metal oxide, and metal-based aerogels. Among them, SiO2 aerogel is a widely used and maturely industrialized type of aerogel. The industrial development of aerogels at home and abroad is mostly centered around the thermal insulation application of silica aerogels.
Silica aerogel was successfully prepared using a supercritical drying method. Therefore, aerogel is defined as a material obtained by supercritical drying of wet gel.
The preparation of aerogels usually consists of a sol-gel process and supercritical drying treatment. In the sol-gel process, by controlling the hydrolysis and polycondensation reaction conditions of the solution, nanoclusters with different structures are formed in the solution. The mutual adhesion between the clusters forms a gel body, while the liquid reagent remaining after the chemical reaction fills the solid skeleton of the gel body. In order to prevent the surface tension in the micropores from damaging the material structure during gel drying, supercritical drying technology is used. The gel is placed in a pressure vessel and heated and pressurized to cause the liquid in the gel to undergo a phase change into a supercritical fluid. The gas-liquid interface disappears, and the surface tension no longer exists. At this time, releasing this supercritical fluid from the pressure vessel can obtain a low-density aerogel material with a porous, disordered, and continuous network structure at the nanoscale.
As a highly efficient thermal insulation and energy-saving material, aerogel is a national basic strategic and cutting-edge new material, which is of great strategic significance for reducing carbon emissions and achieving the "dual carbon" goal. Several documents, including the "Action Plan for Carbon Peak Before 2030," clearly propose accelerating the research and application of aerogel materials.
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